Reeves, Matthew
ORCID: 0000-0002-3903-2910
(2026)
Bullshit in boots: language, power, and conceptual ambiguity in football.
Football Studies, 1
.
p. 100029.
ISSN 3051-2689
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.footst.2026.100029
Abstract
Language plays a critical yet underexamined role in talent identification and talent development systems in football. While advances in sport science have improved measurement and monitoring practices, the conceptual language that underpins key developmental decisions has remained vague, inconsistently applied, and largely untheorized. Terms such as talent, elite, character, and training load are routinely deployed with authority across scouting, coaching, and organisational contexts, yet often lack shared definitions, empirical grounding, or transparent criteria. This conceptual ambiguity is not trivial; it shapes access to opportunity, legitimises identification and (de)selection decisions, and structures developmental pathways in ways that may reproduce bias and exclusion.
Drawing on Harry G Frankfurt’s philosophical thesis of Bullshit as communication indifferent to truth but orientated toward impression management, this short communication advances the argument that football environments may operate as bullshit ecologies. In such contexts, ambiguous yet authoritative-sounding terminology is structurally incentivised, serving rhetorical, political, and symbolic functions rather than conveying epistemic clarity. Through illustrative examples drawn from football discourse, the paper demonstrates how key terms function as technologies of power that shape belief, status, and opportunity.
Rather than offering definitive definitions, this conceptual paper proposes a shift toward accountable subjectivity through three practical recommendations: the development of shared, football-specific terminology framework; the embedding of conceptual literacy within football education programmes; and the organisational auditing of language practices. Semantic clarity is not an academic luxury but a structural and ethical necessity for more transparent, equitable, and evidence-informed football identification, development, and performance systems.
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