Abstract

This chapter explores human sexuality through a biopsychosocial lens, emphasising its biological, psychological and social determinants. It argues for trauma-informed, formulation-led interventions for individuals with harmful sexual interests, particularly towards children. Drawing on research and clinical practice, the chapter distinguishes between biologically rooted sexual orientations and environmentally acquired sexual interests. It introduces a four-stage intervention framework – grief, acceptance, containment and desistance – designed to address the trauma, shame and isolation often experienced by this population. Incorporating models such as the Motivational-Facilitation Model (MFM) and the Compositional Explanatory Theory of Paedophilia (CEToP), the approach acknowledges the unchosen nature of sexual orientation while promoting responsibility for behaviour. The chapter underscores the importance of psychoeducation, compassion-focused therapy and the development of safe, meaningful lives that reduce risk. Early feedback from a specialist prison setting suggests increased self-awareness and emotional regulation, indicating the potential value of this integrated therapeutic approach.